Do you or someone you know have an asymmetrical head shape? This could be plagiocephaly, sometimes referred to as “flat head syndrome.” While often associated with infants, plagiocephaly can persist into adulthood, potentially affecting appearance and self-esteem. This comprehensive guide provides valuable insights into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for plagiocephaly in adults, empowering you to make informed decisions about your health.
Plagiocephaly in adults is characterized by an asymmetrical head shape, often with flattening on one side of the back of the head. This asymmetry can also affect facial features. It’s generally the result of untreated plagiocephaly in infancy, when the skull is more malleable. There are two main types: synostotic plagiocephaly, caused by the premature fusion of skull bones, and non-synostotic plagiocephaly (also known as deformational plagiocephaly), which is caused by external pressure on the soft infant skull. Non-synostotic plagiocephaly is the more common type that may persist into adulthood if not addressed early.
Causes and Contributing Factors
The most common cause of adult plagiocephaly is untreated infant plagiocephaly. In infants, this can be due to positional factors, such as consistently sleeping in the same position, putting pressure on one area of the skull. Less commonly, it can be caused by craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of skull bones. If not addressed during infancy, with treatments like repositioning or helmet therapy, the asymmetry can become more permanent as the skull hardens with age.
Recognizing the Signs
How can you tell if you or someone you know has plagiocephaly? Here are some common indicators:
Head tilted to one side: The head may lean slightly to the affected side.
Flat area on one side or the back of the head: This is a key characteristic of plagiocephaly.
One ear appearing more forward than the other: Ear position can be affected by skull asymmetry.
Asymmetry of cheekbones, eye sockets, or lower jaw: Facial asymmetry is often associated with plagiocephaly.
Bulging forehead: In some cases, the forehead may appear more prominent on one side.
Difficulty wearing glasses or helmets comfortably: An uneven head shape can make it hard to find properly fitting headwear.
Exploring Treatment Options
Fortunately, there are options available for adults seeking to address plagiocephaly. These range from surgical interventions for severe cases to non-surgical approaches for milder asymmetry. The best approach depends on the individual’s specific condition and goals.
Surgical Interventions
For severe cases, especially those involving craniosynostosis or substantial skull deformities, surgical intervention may be necessary. Common procedures include:
Cranial Vault Remodeling: This complex surgery reshapes the bones of the skull to correct significant deformities. Resources like the David Dunaway & Associates website suggest burring and implants as techniques used in these procedures.
Bone Grafts: Bone grafts can be used to fill in depressed areas of the skull or augment specific facial features.
Non-Surgical Options
For less severe cases, particularly those stemming from deformational plagiocephaly, non-surgical options can be considered:
Fat Transfer/Grafting: This procedure, also mentioned on the David Dunaway & Associates website, involves transferring fat from one area of the body to the face or head to improve symmetry and contour. This approach is often favored for cosmetic enhancement in milder cases.
Camouflaging Techniques: Hairstyling, makeup, and strategically chosen headwear can effectively minimize the appearance of asymmetry. A skilled hairstylist can create volume and shape to camouflage flattened areas.
Managing Long-Term Effects and Emotional Well-being
It’s important to address the potential long-term effects of plagiocephaly, which can extend beyond cosmetic concerns. These may include:
Psychological Impact: Living with a visible difference can affect self-esteem and body image. Therapy and support groups can be invaluable for coping with these challenges.
Practical Challenges: Difficulties with fitting helmets or eyewear may require customized solutions.
Jaw Misalignment (TMJ): Untreated plagiocephaly can sometimes lead to jaw misalignment or TMJ disorders, causing discomfort and pain.
The Importance of Early Intervention
While this guide focuses on adult plagiocephaly, it’s crucial to emphasize the importance of early intervention. Treating plagiocephaly during infancy, when the skull is still growing and more responsive to treatment, is significantly easier and more effective. Helmet therapy and repositioning techniques are highly successful in infants, reducing the likelihood of long-term issues.
Current Research and Future Directions
The medical community’s understanding of plagiocephaly is continually evolving. Ongoing research may lead to new insights and treatment options. Staying informed about these advancements can empower individuals to make the best decisions for their health.
Finding Support and Resources
Living with plagiocephaly can be challenging, but there are resources and communities available to provide support and information. Connecting with others who share similar experiences can be a powerful step towards self-acceptance and improved well-being.
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